Investigation of Renal Protective Effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Extract in Acetaminophen Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar202485Keywords:
Bryophyllum pinnatum, Renal, Electrolytes, Biomarkers, Serum, Kidney, Acetaminophen, Albino ratsAbstract
Background: Acetaminophen is strongly linked to a notable rise in the likelihood of developing new kidney damage. Thus affecting the kidney and its biomarkers, as it a vital organ in the removal of toxicant from the body.
Objective: The research assessed renal biomarkers such as serum electrolytes (Na+, K+), chloride, bicarbonate, creatinine and urea in acetaminophen induced toxicity in albino rats and also observed the activities of these biomarkers in the albino rats when treated with Bryophyllum pinnatum.
Methods: Twenty-five (25) healthy male albino rats weighing between 150-200g were randomly grouped into five (5) groups (n-6) in a standard plastic rat cage and were pre-treated as follows: group I served as normal control: distilled water, group II served as positive control: acetaminophen (2g/kg) + distilled water. Group III served as treatment group 1: acetaminophen (2g/kg) + plant extract (200 mg/kg b.wt), group IV served as treatment group 2: acetaminophen (2g/kg) and plant extract (400 mg/kg b.wt) and group V served as standard Control: acetaminophen (2g/kg) and vitamin E (200 mg/kg b.wt) all for 14 days.
Results: There was significant increase in the concentration of serum electrolytes, creatinine, urea and chloride and a decrease in serum bicarbonate concentration when intoxicated with acetaminophen. However, treatment with Bryophyllum pinnatum at various doses with regards to body weight (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg), Vitamin E at 200mg/kg; yielded positive response in activities of these renal biomarkers.
Conclusion: The study showed that the administration of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extracts reduced the acetaminophen induced changes in kidney function parameters. Thus satisfying the renal protective effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum.
Keywords: Bryophyllum pinnatum, Renal, Electrolytes, Biomarkers, Serum, Kidney, Acetaminophen, Albino rats.
References
Obi CC. Emdex desk reference. Lindox Product Ltd., Nigeria. 2003; 69.
Ita SO, Akpanyung EO, Umoh BI, Ben EE, Ukafia SO. Acetaminophen induced hepatic toxicity: protective role of Ageratum conyzoides. Pak. J. Nutr. 2009; 8(7):928- 932.
Ogidi OI, Ogoun TR, Njoku CO, Charles EE, Amgbare EB, Omotehinse ET. Toxicity Studies on the Effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Wistar Albino Rats. Elixir Pharmacy International Journal. 2020; 149: 55010-55014. DOI: 10.47191/ijmscrs/v2-i7-11
Araujo AS, Ribeiro MF, Enzveiler A, Schenkel P, Fernandes TR, Partata WA, Irigoyen MC, Llesuy S, Belló-Klein A. Myocardial antioxidant enzyme activities and concentration and glutathione metabolism in experimental hyperthyroidism. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2006;249(1-2):133-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.02.005
Anand RJK, Arabi M, Rana KS, Kanwar U. Role of vitamins C and E with GSH in checking the peroxidative damage to human ejaculated spermatozoa. International Journal of Urology. 2000; 7:1- 98.
Saran U, Tyagi A, Chandrasekaran B, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. The role of autophagy in metal-induced urogenital carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021;76:247-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.022
Afzal M, Kazmi I, Anwar F. Antineoplastic potential of Bryophyllum pinnatum lam. on chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Pharmacognosy Res. 2013 Oct;5(4):247-53. DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.118811.
Ogidi OI, Esie NG, Dike OG. Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral compositions of BryophyllumPinnatum (Never die) medicinal plant. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2019; 8(1): 629 – 635.
Reed CF. “Information summaries on 1000 economic plants”. Typescripts Submitted to the USDA. 2018; 4:20.
Arroyo VS, Flores KM, Ortiz LB, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Gutierrez- Ruiz MC. “Liver and acetaminophen toxicity”. Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology. 2012; S5;001. DOI: 10.4172/2157-7609.S5-001
Chin YL, Mei Y. “Renal Protective Effects of Extracts from Bryophyllum pinnatum in Diebetic Mice”. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 2012; 67 (3): 303-8s doi: 10.4103/asl.ASL_90_16.
Turner MC, Cogliano V, Guyton K, Madia F, Straif K, Ward EM, Schubauer-Berigan MK. Research recommendations for selected IARC-classified agents: impact and lessons learned. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2023 Oct 30;131(10):105001.
Okpala JC, Sani I, Abdullahi R, Ifedilichukwu HN, Igwe JC. Effects of n butanol fraction of Gongronema latifolium leave extract on some biochemical parameters in CCl4- induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats. African Journal of Biochemistry Research. 2014; 8(2):52-64. DOI:10.1289/EHP12547
Zhu H, Jia Y, Cao H, Meng F, Liu X. “Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Subchronic Oral Exposure of Rats to a Mixture of Five Toxic Elements”, Food Chemistry Toxicology. 2014; 71: 166-175. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.06.005
Yuan G, Dai S, Yin Z, Lu H, Jia R, Xu J, Song X, Li L, Shu Y, Zhao X. Toxicological assessment of combined lead and cadmium: acute and sub-chronic toxicity study in rats. Food and chemical toxicology. 2014 Mar 1;65:260-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.041
Cobbina SJ, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Wu X, Zhao T, Zhang Z, Feng W, Wang W, Li Q, Wu X, Yang L. Toxicity assessment due to sub-chronic exposure to individual and mixtures of four toxic heavy metals. Journal of hazardous materials. 2015;294:109-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.057
Yildirim S, Celikezen FC, Oto G, Sengul E, Bulduk M, Tasdemir M, Ali Cinar D. An investigation of protective effects of litium borate on blood and histopathological parameters in acute cadmium-induced rats. Biological trace element research. 2018 Apr;182:287-94.
El-Boshy M, Ashshi A, Gaith M, Qusty N, Bokhary T, AlTaweel N, Abdelhady M. Studies on the protective effect of the artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against cadmium toxicity-induced oxidative stress, hepatorenal damage, and immunosuppressive and hematological disorders in rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24:12372-83. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8876-x
Nurminen ML, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Dietary factors in the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension. Ann Med. 1998 Apr;30(2):143-50. DOI: 10.3109/07853899808999397.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Odangowei Ogidi, Esqure, Michael
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.